Corredor Cultural do Rio de Janeiro: debates e combates pelo patrimônio cultural urbano nos anos 1970

Flávia Brito do Nascimento

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Urban Development and Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation Urban Planning and Governance

Abstract

portuguesEm 1979, organizaram-se politicas de preservacao urbana no Rio de Janeiro, sob muitos aspectos em reacao a onda de renovacao urbana e de demolicoes de edificacoes iconicas da area central, construidas no inicio do seculo XX. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro passara a contar com a atencao de urbanistas e intelectuais na defesa do ambiente urbano. Tais acoes ligadas ao planejamento urbano culminaram em 1983 na promulgacao da lei de preservacao chamada “Corredor Cultural”, de grande repercussao no cenario nacional de preservacao urbana. Apesar do sucesso, o projeto segue como experiencia quase isolada de juncao entre planejamento urbano e patrimonio cultural no territorio nacional. De fortuna critica tambem restrita, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os discursos sobre o passado na cidade do Rio na decada de 1970 e as acoes intelectuais, administrativas e politicas que levaram a estruturacao do projeto. Discorreremos sobre a historia das acoes preservacao na cidade e a maneira pela qual, anos depois da transformacao sistematica da area central do Rio, a preservacao passa a ser objeto das politicas urbanas. EnglishIn 1979, urban preservation policies were developed in Rio de Janeiro, mostly in response to the wave of urban renewal and the demolition of iconic, early-20th century buildings in the city’s downtown area. The City of Rio de Janeiro began to draw the attention of intellectuals and civil servants who wished to protect a specific urban ensemble, consisting of buildings valued for their commonplace character, i.e., a particular type of non-monumental architecture. These urban planning decisions culminated with the passing of the 1983 “Cultural Corridor” preservation law, which was much talked about across Brazil. Despite its success, the project remains an almost unique example of the intersection of urban planning and cultural heritage within the country. Given the limited critical discussion on this matter, this paper aims to examine the history of preservation and non-preservation actions in Rio de Janeiro, and the way in which cultural heritage became the focus of urban policies years after the systematic transformation of its downtown area.

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