The southern united states is unique in that, as a subculture within the larger tapestry of Americanness, Southernness is something everyone knows something, everything, and nothing about.With or without real exposure to Southernness, a picture of the South has been constructed in the national imagination, and this image is at least bifurcated-it is Gone with the Wind, Southern belles, mint juleps, and front porch swings, and, simultaneously, it is Beverly Hillbillies, "unkempt, bearded, and barefoot rifle-toting hillbillies drinking homemade moonshine" (Harkins 2015, 421).Within American dialectology, few varieties have been given as extensive treatment, in terms of both perception and production, as those associated with the American South (e.g., Kurath and McDavid 1961;Preston 1989;Bailey 1997;Feagin 2000;Wolfram 2003; Nagle and Sanders 2003).Much of this work has centered on production data, resulting in various understandings of that age-old question-where is the South?There might be many answers (see, e.g., J. S. Reed 1993), but there is some general consensus.Figure 1 shows four conceptualizations of the South that do not radically differ.In terms of perceptions, the same bifurcation of stereotypes of the region at large exists with respect to speech-it's pleasant, friendly, and homey, but incorrect, uneducated, and slow (e.g., Preston 1999; Hartley 1999; Cramer 2016)-for insiders and outsiders alike.Similar questions may be asked about attitudes toward African American Vernacular English (AAVE) as a component of Southern United States English (SUSE) but seldom are.Although negative attitudes to AAVE in general are well known and well studied, the detailed study of attitudes to SUSE-AAVE has barely been approached.We know that Northern, urban African Americans use such labels as "country" and "'Bama" to disparage the language and lack of urban cultural knowledge of recent emigrants from the South, but we lack detailed information about the surely wide range of attitudes that exists within and without SUSE-AAVE communities toward those varieties.Tucker and Lambert (1969) is one of the few studies that begins the exploration of these possibilities.
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