Healthcare indicators and firearm homicide: an ecologic study

Margaret K. Formica · Sonali Rajan

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Gun Ownership and Violence Research Suicide and Self-Harm Studies Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rates of firearm homicide in New York State (NYS) and indicators of access to and quality of healthcare from 2011 to 2017. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing data from the NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Uniform Crime Reporting Supplemental Homicide Reports and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings Program, a county-level ecologic study was conducted, descriptive statistics provided and multivariable analyses conducted to determine the associations between critical indicators of county health and firearm homicide. Findings The majority of firearm homicide victims (n=2,619) were young, Black, men and the highest rates of firearm homicide were situated in urban centers. Subgroup analyses excluding large urban centers and controlling for key demographics illustrated that those counties with lower rates of clinicians were significantly associated with higher rates of firearm homicide. Research limitations/implications Despite challenges integrating two large data sets, the present findings were able to illustrate the critical relationship between access to healthcare and prevalence of firearm homicide. Practical implications The results of this study reinforce the importance of access to primary healthcare services and its relationship to critical health outcomes. Social implications In urban settings, firearm homicides disproportionately impact young Black men, who are among the least likely to have access to healthcare. In more rural areas, access to healthcare is related directly to improved health outcomes, including reduced rates of firearm homicides. Originality/value This is the first study to explore and subsequently establish the relationship between indicators of community health and firearm homicide in NYS.

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References

1995Preventable Hospitalizations and Access to Health Care 2016Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know.2006Suicide Rates in Relation to Health Care Access in the United States 2017Quantifying Disparities in Urban Firearm Violence by Race and Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Cartographic Study 2014Hospital-centered violence intervention programs: a cost-effectiveness analysis 2011Help Seeking and Mental Health Service Utilization Among College Students With a History of Suicide Ideation 2017Development of the SaFETy Score: A Clinical Screening Tool for Predicting Future Firearm Violence Risk 2012Correlates of Handgun Carrying Among Adolescents in the United States

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