Early-Life Adversity Accelerates Child and Adolescent Development

Jay Belsky

150 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Directions in Psychological Science

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Child Abuse and Trauma Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Stress Responses and Cortisol

Abstract

Most developmental work regards adverse developmental experiences as forces that undermine well-being. Here, I present an alternative—or complementary—view, summarizing recent evidence on puberty, endocrinology, cellular aging, and brain connectivity that collectively reveals developmental acceleration in response to contextual adversity. Findings are cast in evolutionary-developmental terms, highlighting the trade-off between accelerated aging and (a) increased morbidity and (b) premature mortality.

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References

1991Childhood Experience, Interpersonal Development, and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Theory of Socialization 2015The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis: effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior 2012Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: a longitudinal study 2013Beyond risk, resilience, and dysregulation: Phenotypic plasticity and human development 2018Early Experiences of Threat, but Not Deprivation, Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents 2010The development of reproductive strategy in females: Early maternal harshness → earlier menarche → increased sexual risk taking.2012The Development of Human Reproductive Strategies 2014A Life History Theory of Father Absence and Menarche: A Meta-Analysis

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2021Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience 2023Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?2021Mechanisms of neuroplasticity linking early adversity to depression: developmental considerations 2021Early life adversity, pubertal timing, and epigenetic age acceleration in adulthood

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