Articlegreen2019

Physiological synchrony in psychotherapy sessions

182 citations0/0 files storedPsychotherapy Research

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Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control Action Observation and Synchronization

Abstract

Objective: In this proof-of-principle study, a convenience sample of 55 dyadic psychotherapy sessions conducted by one therapist was analyzed. This study aimed at exploring physiological synchrony in naturalistic psychotherapy sessions and the association of such synchrony with self-report ratings. Methods: The electrocardiograms and respiration behavior of both therapist and client were monitored simultaneously. Four clients were included, and session outcome was documented by session reports in two clients. From electrocardiograms, heart rate and heart rate variability were derived in consecutive 15-second intervals throughout sessions. Entire sessions (average duration, 51 min) were assessed for physiological synchrony of therapist’s and client’s respiration, electrocardiogram, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Two methods of synchrony computation were applied to the time series: windowed cross-correlation and correlation of local slopes (concordance). Both methods included surrogate controls using segment-wise shuffling. Results: Significant synchrony of three measures, but not of electrocardiograms, was present in this dataset. In regression models, we found associations between synchronies and alliance ratings, and further self-report variables. Conclusions: Results support the existence of physiological synchrony in this collection of psychotherapy sessions, which speaks for the sympathetic and parasympathetic coupling between this therapist and her clients and its link with ratings of the therapy process. The feasibility of deriving signatures of synchrony of physiological signals with the described methodology was corroborated. The findings now await generalization by further research.

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References

2011Nonverbal synchrony in psychotherapy: Coordinated body movement reflects relationship quality and outcome.2011Synchronized arousal between performers and related spectators in a fire-walking ritual 2016Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance 2007Physiologic Correlates of Perceived Therapist Empathy and Social-Emotional Process During Psychotherapy 2014Nonverbal synchrony and affect in dyadic interactions 2014Therapeutic presence: Neurophysiological mechanisms mediating feeling safe in therapeutic relationships.1998The Courtship Dance: Patterns of Nonverbal Synchronization in Opposite-Sex Encounters 1955The psychiatric interview: a sociophysiologic study.

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