How journalists understand the threats and opportunities of new technologies: A study of security mind-sets and its implications for press freedom

Lokman Tsui · Francis Lap Fung Lee

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Journalism and Media Studies Media Studies and Communication Law, Rights, and Freedoms

Abstract

This is a study on digital security and press freedom, specifically the freedom from surveillance and the freedom to private and secure communication. We study journalists’ understanding and awareness of digital security practices: their perception of risks and threats of surveillance, and also their awareness of tools and techniques to communicate securely. Based on an empirical study of journalists in Hong Kong, including those who regularly travel to China for work, we build out a theoretical framework for understanding digital security mind-sets of journalists. We found differences in journalists’ behavior depending on how novice or advanced their understanding of digital security are. Journalists with a novice security mind-set will take different actions that produce different outcomes and behavior than those with an advanced security mind-set. We argue that journalists with an advanced security mind-set are able to work on a larger and wider range of (sensitive) stories, suggesting they enjoy a higher degree of press freedom.

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References

1968The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research 2015Big other: Surveillance Capitalism and the Prospects of an Information Civilization 2014No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State 2012Measuring user confidence in smartphone security and privacy 2007An Evaluation of Press Freedom Indicators 2008Organizational Production of Self-Censorship in the Hong Kong Media 2006Newspaper editorial discourse and the politics of self-censorship in Hong Kong 2017The Assault on Journalism : Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

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2021“We Have to act Like our Devices are Already Infected”: Investigative Journalists and Internet Surveillance 2021Understanding Nascent Newsroom Security and Safety Cultures: The Emergence of the “Security Champion”2021Securing Whistleblowing in the Digital Age: SecureDrop and the Changing Journalistic Practices for Source Protection 2024The American Journalist Under Attack: An Institution at Risk 2021Modeling safety challenges journalists faced in reporting anti-police brutality protests (ENDSARS protests) in Nigeria

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