Development of Dyslexia: The Delayed Neural Commitment Framework

Roderick I. Nicolson · Angela J. Fawcett

87 citations0/0 files storedFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

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Reading and Literacy Development Language Development and Disorders Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

It is now evident that explanations of many developmental disorders need to include a network perspective. In earlier work, we proposed that developmental dyslexia (DD) is well-characterized in terms of impaired procedural learning within the language networks, with the cerebellum being the key structure involved. Here, we deepen the analysis to include the child's developmental process of constructing these networks. The "Delayed Neural Commitment (DNC)" framework proposes that, in addition to slower skill acquisition, dyslexic children take longer to build (and to rebuild) the neural networks that underpin the acquisition of reading. The framework provides an important link backwards in time to the development of executive function networks and the earlier development of networks for language and speech. It is consistent with many theories of dyslexia while providing fruitful suggestions for further research at the genetic, brain, cognitive and behavioral levels of explanation. It also has significant implications for assessment and teaching.

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2007School readiness and later achievement.1958The growth of logical thinking: From childhood to adolescence.2013Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition 2004Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?2004Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code 2002School readiness: Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of children's functioning at school entry.1999The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias.1979Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill.

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2021Reading intervention and neuroplasticity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of brain changes associated with reading intervention 2022Developmental Dyslexia: Disorder or Specialization in Exploration?2019Cerebellar function in children with and without dyslexia during single word processing 2023Impaired and Spared Auditory Category Learning in Developmental Dyslexia 2021Procedural Learning, Grammar, and Motor Skills in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Speech Sound Disorder, and Typically Developing Speech

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