Models of grammar and the outcomes of long-term language contact

Abstract

In this paper, we lay the groundwork for an explanation of the language mixing outcomes witnessed in the grammar of contemporary Dakkhini, which is the result of long-term diachronic contact between Hindi/Urdu and Telugu. We argue that an Exoskeletal Frame Model is well suited to account both for Dakkhini-type contact outcomes, and for “online” code-switching outcomes. The key element of our model is the assumption of a distinction between an underlying abstract syntactic skeleton and the instantiation of that skeleton by functional and lexical exponents. In the case of Dakkhini, we argue that the syntactic skeleton is mainly provided by Telugu, whereas both the functional and lexical exponents by and large are provided by Hindi/Urdu.

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