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In the theory of knowledge, there are, according to Popper, two fundamental problems: the problem of induction and the problem of demarcation . The problem of induction is the question about the validity (or about the justification) of the universal statements of the empirical sciences. It is the question, whether empirical statements , that is, statements about reality, based upon experience, can have universal validity. The problem of demarcation is the question about a criterion demarcating the empirical sciences from non-empirical fields. It is the question, whether there is a criterion that qualifies certain statements or systems of statements as empirical and others as non-empirical. According to naive inductivism , there is a method — a so-called scientific method — that enables us to establish true universal laws; according to the position, universal natural laws are justifiable, that is, justifiable by experience.
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