Educational Attainment Better Reduces Disability for Non-Hispanic than Hispanic Americans

Shervin Assari · Mohsen Bazargan

22 citations0/0 files storedEuropean Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education

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Health disparities and outcomes Retirement, Disability, and Employment Racial and Ethnic Identity Research

Abstract

Objectives: Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) refers to the weaker protective health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) for minorities, particularly educational attainment for racial and ethnic minorities, compared to the general population. This pattern has been documented among African-Americans compared to Whites, however, we know very little about MDRs for educational attainment on disability among Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Aims: This cross-sectional study explored ethnic variation in the effects of educational attainment on severity of disability in the United States of America (USA). Materials and Methods: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was a national survey of the general population in the USA. The total sample was 1021 American adults that reported some disability. Of the 1,021 participants, 855 identified as Non-Hispanic and 165 identified as Hispanic. The independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was severity of disability measured using self-reported data. Age, gender, and race were covariates. Ethnicity was the effect modifier. Results: Among individuals with a disability, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with fewer disabilities, independent of all confounders. When ethnicity and educational attainment were interacted on severity of disability, the results indicated a smaller protective effect for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics with a disability. Ethnicity-stratified models showed an effect for Non-Hispanics but not for Hispanics. Conclusions: The protective effects of educational attainment against severity of disability are smaller for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics. To prevent health disparities, there is a need to minimize MDRs of SES for ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative economic, public, and social policies that are not limited to equalizing educational attainment but that also help minorities leverage their resources and gain tangible outcomes.

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References

2005Social determinants of health inequalities 2004“Fundamental Causes” of Social Inequalities in Mortality: A Test of the Theory 2003Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries 2004Are racial disparities in health conditional on socioeconomic status?2018Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions 1998Occupational class and cause specific mortality in middle aged men in 11 European countries: comparison of population based studies Commentary: Unequal inequalities across Europe 2017Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups 2017Blacks’ Diminished Health Return of Family Structure and Socioeconomic Status; 15 Years of Follow-up of a National Urban Sample of Youth

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