The Role of Culture in Urban Travel Patterns: Quantitative Analyses of Urban Areas Based on Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions

Ali Enes Dingil · Federico Rupi · Joerg Schweizer · Žaneta Stasiškienė · Kasra Aalipour

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Transportation Planning and Optimization Urban Transport and Accessibility Cultural Differences and Values

Abstract

Introduction—culture is an interpretation code of societies, which may explain common preferences in a place. Prediction of alternative transport systems, which could be adopted in a city at peace can help urban transport planners and policy makers adjust urban environments in a more sustainable manner. This paper attempts to investigate the role of Hofstede’s culture dimensions (HCD) on urban travel patterns in 87 urban areas and 41 countries. Analysis—this is the first, systematic analysis investigating the effect of culture on urban travel patterns with open source data from different urban areas around the world. The relationship between HCD and some urban travel patterns such as mode choices (individual transportation and public transportation), car ownership, and infrastructure accessibility (road infrastructure per capita) was demonstrated. In addition, the relationship between culture and some demographic indicators (population density and GDP per capita) closely associated with travel choices are checked. The relations between indicators were identified through correlations and regression models, and calibrated to quantify the relation between indicators. Results and Conclusions—good correlation values between Hofstede’s fundamental culture dimension: individualism/collectivism (IND/COL) and urban travel patterns were demonstrated with a reasonably good fit. The analysis showed that countries with higher individualism build more individualistic transport-related environments, which in turn result in more driving. On the other hand, collective nations tend to use more public transportation. There is significant evidence that, in the case of nations, an increase in tree culture dimensions: collectivism, uncertainty, and masculinity, results in greater usage of public transport.

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References

1997Modernization and Postmodernization 1997Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies 1988The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth 2018Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart 2013Values, attitudes and travel behavior: a hierarchical latent variable mixed logit model of travel mode choice 2008Residential choice location, gender and the commute trip to work in Tel Aviv 2018Transport indicator analysis and comparison of 151 urban areas, based on open source data 2015Transport infrastructure and sustainability: a new planning and assessment framework

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