Levelling processes and social changes in a peripheral community

Sandra Jansen

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Linguistic Variation and Morphology Phonetics and Phonology Research Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies

Abstract

This chapter presents a sociolinguistic study of changes due to levelling in the use of prevocalic /r/ in Maryport, a peripheral community in the county of Cumbria in the far north-west of England. Mixed-effect models are used to investigate linguistic and social constraints in the levelling process. The results show that levelling of prevocalic /r/ is under way and has progressed further in Carlisle than in Maryport. Social changes such as the loss of local employment and the breaking up of neighbourhoods as social networks are provided as reasons for the decline of the local variant.

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2000Sociolinguistic Patterns 1982Accents of English 1982Language and social networks . By Leslie Milroy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980. Pp. xii, 218.1963The Social Motivation of a Sound Change 2008Getting off the GoldVarb Standard: Introducing Rbrul for Mixed‐Effects Variable Rule Analysis 2011Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English 2007Language Change Across the Lifespan: /r/ in Montreal French 2003Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English

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