BUDAYA SIRIH PINANG DAN PELUANG PELESTARIANNYA DI SUMBA BARAT, INDONESIA

Abstract

Sirih pinang dalam tulisan ini mengacu pada sirih (Piper betle L), pinang (Areca catechu L) dan kapur; serta praktik mengunyahnya. Di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, budaya sirih pinang dan nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya mulai pudar. Namun di Sumba, masyarakatnya masih menanam sirih – pinang dan memanfaatkan sirih pinang dalam kesehariannya, menggunakannya pada praktik ritual, dan acara seremonial. Penelitian ini membahas budaya sirih pinang di Sumba Barat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara mendalam dan kajian pustaka. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa sirih pinang di Sumba Barat memiliki beragam fungsi sosial, budaya, ekonomi dan pengobatan. Sirih pinang menjadi simbol penting dalam budaya Sumba. Hal ini terkait erat dengan tatanan yang memengaruhi kehidupan orang Sumba, yaitu kepercayaan Marapu, tempat tinggal (rumah: uma ; dan kampung: wano), serta ikatan kekerabatan (kabisu). Sirih pinang sebagai sumber daya budaya tak benda berpotensi untuk dapat dilindungi dalam kerangka pelestarian budaya melalui sistem perlindungan hukum sumber daya budaya takbenda, yaitu melalui ranah warisan budaya takbenda (WBTB) di Indonesia. Sirih pinang refers to the material (betel nut, areca nut, lime) and its practice of chewing it. Sumbanese, plant and use sirih pinang in their daily lives, and use it in ritual practices and ceremonial events. In various regions in Indonesia, sirih pinang tradition and it’s cultural values began to fade, therefore efforts to preserve sirih pinang tradition are needed. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results found that sirih pinang has a variety of social, cultural, economic, and medicinal functions. It has become an essential symbol in sumbanese culture. The symbol is related to the system that affects the lives of sumbanese, namely Marapu's beliefs, kampung (village) or uma (rumah) and kabisu (kinship system). In the intellectual property rights system, sirih pinang can be categorized as an intangible cultural resource that can be protected, utilized and developed within the framework of cultural preservation. One of the opportunities of the effort to preserve the intangible cultural resources is through the recognition and acknowledgement of sirih pinang as a shared intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in Indonesia.

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