EKSISTENSI PEWARISAN HUKUM ADAT BATAK

Abstract

ABSTRAKHukum terbagi dalam berbagai konfigurasi, seperti hukum positif dan hukum adat. Hukum adat yang lahir dari kebiasaan dalam masyarakat yang menjadi benchmark tidak tertulis dari pergaulan dan tata perilaku dalam masyarakat itu sendiri. Hukum adat menjadi rujukan dan sekaligus salah satu terobosan hakim dalam memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara. Seperti pada Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Balige Nomor 1/PDT.G/2015/PN.Blg, dan Putusan Tingkat Banding Nomor 439/PDT/2015/PT-Mdn pada Pengadilan Tinggi Medan. Ada dua hal mengapa dua putusan tersebut menarik dilakukan kajian lebih mendalam. Pertama, pewarisan dengan pola parental, di mana kedua belah pihak baik laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki hak waris sama, padahal pewarisan adat Batak mengedepankan pola patrilineal. Kedua, pengakuan adanya perkawinan adat Batak yang bernama "tungkot" dan "imbang," di mana anak-anak yang lahir memiliki hak pewarisan dari harta orang tuanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Kesimpulan dalam kajian ini, baik dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Balige dan Pengadilan Tinggi Medan, mengedepankan keberadaan hukum adat setempat, dalam hal ini adat Batak. Putusan ini tentu saja perlu diapresiasi di tengah perkembangan teknologi dan zaman yang sangat kuat. Meski putusan ini tidak melegitimasi pewarisan patrilineal, namun memberikan teroboson dengan memberikan hak waris yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan.Kata kunci: hukum adat, putusan, patrilineal, tungkot. ABSTRACT Law divided into various configurations, such as positive law and customary law. Customary law that was born from the community habits that became benchmarks is unwritten from the sociality and the behavior system in the community itself. Customary law becomes a reference and at the same time is one of the breakthroughs for judges in examining, adjudicating, and deciding cases such as the Balige District Court Decision Number 1/PDT.G/2015/PN.Blg, and Decision on Appeal Level Number 439/PDT/2015/PT-Mdn at the Medan High Court. There are two reasons why these two decisions are interesting to analyze. First, inheritance with a parental pattern, where both parties the men and the women have the same inheritance rights even though the inheritance of the Batak people was prioritizes the patrilineal patterns. Second, the recognition of traditional Batak marriages named "tungkot" and "imbang," where the child that was born has the inheritance rights from the parents' property. This research uses normative juridical research methods. The conclusions in this analyzing, both in the Balige District Court Decision and the Medan High Court was prioritizing the existence of local customary law, in this case, the Batak custom. This decision certainly needs to be appreciated amid technological developments and very strong times although this ruling does not legitimize patrilineal inheritance, it provides a breakthrough by giving equal inheritance rights to a man and a woman. Keywords: customary law, verdict/decision, patrilineal, tungkot.

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