Telework in the 21st Century

Abstract

Introduction: Telework in the 21st century -an evolutionary perspective Jon C. Messenger 15.Depending on context, theoretical background and the common terminology of a discipline, personal life is conceptualized around different definitions, using terms such as home and family that largely overlap in their attributes.16.The theory on the management of integration and segmentation of work-life boundaries as applied here in the context of telework has been established in work-life balance research by Clark (2000).17.We could imagine that the physical health and safety standards in cars, on streets and at home differ greatly from those at the employer's premises.The discoveries in this field however, at least as it seems from the literature we could find, are still to be made.18.The discussion is closely related to what many authors describe as techno-stress (Popma 2013; Riedl et al. 2012; Tarafdar et al. 2007, 2010).It is used as an umbrella term for all kinds of effects the use of new ICTs at the workplace can have on OSH, such as information overload, addiction to technology and so on.Here the specific effects on mental health do not explicitly arise from work outside of the employer's premises, but more broadly from the use of new ICTs at the workplace.19.The effect of workload on performance is difficult to compare on a global scale.Studies in China for example indicate that a higher workload induced by occasional telework increases productivity (for example, Tu et al. 2005).20.What the author actually refers to is on-demand non-occasional telework for contact with customers.This excludes telework from home.21.Zaitaku-workers are not employed by any company, but work from home as selfemployed freelancers.Their work does not strictly fit the definition of telework used in this chapter because they are not employees.However, some possible effects of such work on Internet-based platforms for working time, occupational health and well-being can be derived for zaitaku-workers based on existing studies identified by the Japanese expert, and this information is presented in Chapter 2, on Japan, in this volume.REFERENCES

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