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classroom we…' etc. Respond whenever norms are broken.Demonstrate that they are important and be consistent with them over time. ROUTINESAnother form of norm that significantly affects behaviour is the use of routines-specific sequences of behaviour that pupils are required to perform practically all of the time without significant deviation.Examples include entry routines; class dismissal; corridor conduct; transitions between activities; assemblies; obtaining silence and so on.Pupils do not intuitively grasp these without direction, nor are they equally capable of performing them without systematic instruction.Routines take time to develop into habits, but the effort invested in their creation and adoption is enormously useful to the pupil and the class.Like all norms, they should be carefully and clearly taught at the beginning of the teaching relationship, reinforced consistently over time, and periodically refreshed. CONSEQUENCESNo matter how clearly rules, norms and routines are taught, pupils will still test all boundaries.When these are broken, it is necessary for pupils to experience consequences that are aimed at reminding the individual and the class that classroom norms must be respected.These can take the form of:
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