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The literature on governance and collaborative planning promotes citizen participation in policy-making and planning while its critics emphasize the post-political character of these processes. This study addresses these themes by analyzing two participatory projects in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Our claim is that the post-political framework downplays neighbourhood activism and overlooks differences in local participatory projects not based on protest. These projects include partnerships, expert NGOs and participatory models, often labelled as post-political. However, they can also challenge the dichotomy between top-down and bottom-up development, provide new opportunities for grassroots-level actors and combine horizontal and vertical forms of engagement.
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