Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Risk Factors Among Youth in the Slums of Kampala

Rachel E. Culbreth · Monica Haavisto Swahn · Laura Francisca Salazar · Rogers Kasirye · Tina Musuya

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Crime Patterns and Interventions Child Abuse and Trauma

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among youth living in the slums of Kampala. This analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of youth living in the slums of Kampala conducted in spring 2014 ( N = 1,134). The participants (12–18 years of age) were attending Uganda Youth Development Link centers, which serve youth living on the streets and slums of Kampala. Bivariate and multivariable multinomial analyses were conducted to examine risk factors associated with IPV victimization only, IPV perpetration only, and both IPV victimization and perpetration compared with no IPV victimization or perpetration. Among youth who reported having a boyfriend or girlfriend ( n = 600), 18.3% ( n = 110) reported experiencing both IPV victimization and perpetration, 11.0% ( n = 66) reported IPV perpetration only, 7.7% ( n = 46) reported experiencing IPV victimization only, and 63.0% ( n = 378) reported no IPV experiences. In the multivariable analysis, IPV victimization only was associated with witnessing parental IPV (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.42, 5.48]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = [1.16, 4.46]), and neighborhood cohesiveness (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = [0.31, 1.69]). IPV perpetration was only associated with experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = [1.62, 5.07]). Reporting both IPV victimization and perpetration was associated with non-problem drinking (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = [1.15, 3.57]), problem drinking (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = [1.48, 4.74]), witnessing parental IPV (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = [1.80, 4.80]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = [1.38, 3.60]), and homelessness (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = [1.14, 3.16]). Levels of IPV victimization and perpetration are very high in this population and warrant urgent attention.

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References

1977Social Learning Theory 2002The world report on violence and health 1998Violence Against Women 2012A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence 2010Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: taking action and generating evidence 2014Prevention of violence against women and girls: what does the evidence say?2014Findings from the SASA! Study: a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda 2000Direct and moderating effects of community context on the psychological well-being of African American women.

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2022Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its association with intimate partner violence among women in informal settings of Kampala, Uganda 2025Prevalence, disparities, and trends in intimate partner violence against women living in urban slums in 34 low-income and middle-income countries: a multi-country cross-sectional study 2023Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

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