Anchoring biases in estimations of age, weight and height

Linda Langeborg

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Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics Social and Intergroup Psychology Psychology of Social Influence

Abstract

The main purpose of this thesis was to study the circumstances under whichanchoring biases occur for estimation of age, weight and height. Paper Iinvestigated accuracy and biases in age estimates made by salespersons withexperience in age estimation, compared to a control group without any similarexperience. The accuracy in age estimates of young target persons (15-24 yearsold) made by salespersons was higher than that of control persons. Moreover,the salespersons demonstrated less overestimation of the age of youngertarget persons, and whereas the control group own-anchored in their ageestimates, the salespersons did not. Paper II and IV investigated genderdifferences in the tendency to own-anchor in within- and cross-genderestimates of age, weight and height. Both papers found that women ownanchorspontaneously both within and across gender, whereas men for themost part own-anchor only in their estimates of other men. Paper IV alsoinvestigated the possibility to increase own-anchoring by priming theparticipants’ use of their own characteristics in their estimation of age, weightand height. Elaborated similarity priming (asking the participants to statetheir estimates in relation to their own characteristics) did influence theestimates, by increasing the participants’ tendency to own-anchor. Paper IIIaimed to investigate whether standard anchoring effects (i.e., assimilationtowards explicit, experimenter-provided comparison values) occur forestimations of age and quantities – estimations based on visual stimuli andmade with a higher degree of certainty as compared to the judgmentstraditionally used in the standard anchoring paradigm. Anchor effects werefound for both age estimations and quantity estimations, and were notaffected by neither cognitive load nor source credibility.

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References

2014Investigating Variation in Replicability 2010A literature review of the anchoring effect 1995Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks 1998On the Perception of Social Consensus 2002Social Categorization Moderates Social Projection 1993Social categorization and the truly false consensus effect.2002I know you are, but what am I? Self-evaluative consequences of judging in-group and out-group members.2011A scale distortion theory of anchoring.

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