Approaches to learning in university students. In this work university students' approaches to learning and their differences in academic self-concept, perceived ability, task persistence, academic goals, task election, adaptation ability to the academic environment, success expectations and academic achievement are analysed. We used a cluster analysis to establish different groups of university students, according to the type of learning approach adopted by them. Results showed the existence of three clusters: cluster 1 students expressed little use of both approaches; cluster 2 students expressed a deep approach predominance; and cluster 3 students expressed a superficial approach predominance. The stu dents group with a predominance of deep approach (cluster 2) is characterized by the most positive academic self-concept, the highest levels of perceived ability, persistence, preference for difficult tasks, learning goals, success expectations, and academic achievement, and pay more attention to the task characteristics and the teaching styles when it comes to study.
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