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continually devise improved instruments and the scientists con- tinually undertake problems that require more and more accurate measurements.Today, the requirements for accuracy in measurements often exceed our ability to meet them.One consequence of this obstacle to scientific research has been a grow- ing interest in measurement as a special field of research in itself.Perhaps we are not getting all we can out of our measurements.Indeed, there may be ways to use presently available instru- ments to make the improved measurements that might be expected from better, but still unavailable, instruments.We know now that there are "laws of measurement" just as fascinating as the laws of science.We are beginning to put these laws to work for us.These laws help us understand the errors in measurements, and they help us detect and remove sources of error.They provide us with the means for drawing objective, unbiased conclusions from data.They tell us how much data will probably be needed.Today, many great research establish- ments have on their staffs several specialists in the theory of measurements.There are not nearly enough of these specialists to meet the demand for them.Thus I have thought it more useful to make this book an elementary introduction to the laws of measurements.But the approach is not an abstract discussion of measurements, instead it depends upon getting you to make measurements and, by observing collections of measurements, to discover for yourself some of the properties of measurements.The idea is to learn something about measurement that will be usefulno matter what is being measured.Some hint is given of the devices that scientists and measurements specialists use to get more out of the available equipment.If you understand something about the laws of measurements, you may be able to get the answers to your own research problems with half the usual amount of work.No young scientist can afford to pass up a topic that may double his scientific achievements.
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