A Rasch and factor analysis of an Indonesian version of the Student Perception of Opportunity Competence Development (SPOCD) questionnaire

Abstract

This study is the first to investigate and validate the psychometric properties of an Indonesian translation of the Student Performance Opportunity of Competence Development (SPOCD) questionnaire that covers five key competencies related to the mathematics learning process, namely: (1) thinking; (2) relating to others; (3) using language, symbols and text; (4) managing self, and; (5) participating and contributing. The SPOCD questionnaire comprises 30 items, with a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 1413 Indonesian high-school students (46.4% male, 53.6% female) from three regions (eastern, western and central Indonesia), aged from 16 to 19 years and ranging from the 10th to the 12th grade, completed the SPOCD questionnaire. A Rasch rating scale model (RSM) and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to evaluate the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the SPOCD questionnaire. The results indicated that assumptions of unidimensionality, local independence and monotonicity of the SPOCD questionnaire were met. In the Rasch RSM assessment, the SPOCD questionnaire response set worked well, matched the threshold estimates and functioned as an appropriate model for the response categories. The SPOCD questionnaire showed excellent psychometric characteristics for use in measuring the development of competence in middle school students in Indonesia.

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