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There has been a rapid increase in migrations across the globe since the 1980s. These mass movements are taking place in all directions. The volume of migra tion has increased to Australia, North America and Western Europe. Similarly, large-scale population movements have taken place within and between coun tries of the ‘South’. Events in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have provided impetus for mass movements of people. Some regions previously thought of as areas of emigration are now considered as areas of immigration. Economic inequalities within and between regions, expanding mobility of capital, people’s desire to pursue opportunities that might improve their life chances, political strife, wars, and famine are some of the factors that remain at the heart of the impetus behind these migrations. People on the move may be labour migrants (both ‘documented’ and ‘undocumented’), highly-qualified specialists, entrepreneurs, students, refugees and asylum seekers or the house hold members of previous migrants. In 1990, the International Organisation for Migration estimated that there were over eighty million such ‘migrants’. Of these, approximately thirty million were said to be in ‘irregular situations’ and another fifteen million were refugees or asylum seekers. By 1992, some esti mates put the total number of migrants at 100 million, of whom twenty million were refugees and asylum seekers (Castles and Miller 1993). The notion of ‘eco nomic migrant’ as referring primarily to labour migrants was always proble matic, not least because it served to conceal the economic proclivities of those who were likely to be placed outside such a definition, for example industrial ists or commercial entrepreneurs. However, these new migrations call this con struct even more seriously into question, as global events increasingly render untenable such distinctions as those held between the so called ‘political’ and ‘economic’ refugees.
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