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Sleep Dysfunction and Mood in Collegiate Soccer Athletes

Courteney L. Benjamin · Ryan M. Curtis · Yasuki Sekiguchi · Bridget A. McFadden · Douglas J. Casa

52 citations0/0 files storedSports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Abstract

Background: Sleep and mood are critical factors that contribute to health and wellness and are of particular interest to collegiate athletes who are juggling high physical, academic, and social demands. The aim of this study was to examine how psychological measures, player status, and sex-related factors were associated with perceived sleep quality. Hypothesis: Higher levels of global sleep dysfunction will be related to poor mood and increased anxiety, and there will be differences in sleep dysfunction in male compared with female athletes as well as regarding playing status. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: During the 2016 through 2018 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) seasons, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Profile of Mood States, and Sports Anxiety Scale–2 questionnaires were administered to 230 soccer athletes at 6 separate time points throughout each season. Results: PSQI results yielded scores ≥5 in 54% of observations. Increased sleep dysfunction was significantly related to decreased vigor and increased tension, depression, anger, fatigue, somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption, although effect sizes (ES) were trivial (ES, –0.03 to 0.15). The odds ratio (OR) of reporting global sleep dysfunction increased by 8%, 9%, and 25% for every 1-unit increase in tension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.015), fatigue (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16; P = 0.002), and concentration disruption (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45; P = 0.002), respectively. The odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction were 55% lower for males than females (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P = 0.006). Conclusion: Global sleep dysfunction was prevalent in NCAA soccer players and was related to negative mental health outcomes. Female participants experienced increased odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction. Clinical Relevance: Regular monitoring allows for a greater understanding of the interrelatedness between sleep and mental health in athletes.

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References

1989The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research 2006Making Meaningful Inferences About Magnitudes 2009Sleep Patterns and Predictors of Disturbed Sleep in a Large Population of College Students 2014Sleep and Athletic Performance: The Effects of Sleep Loss on Exercise Performance, and Physiological and Cognitive Responses to Exercise 2003Construct validity of the Profile of Mood States — Adolescents for use with adults 1999Development and validation of a mood measure for adolescents 2006Gender differences in sleep disorders 1990Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The sport anxiety scale

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