Self-Perceptions of Aging and Control of Life in Late Adulthood: Between-Person and Within-Person Associations

Mengsha Luo · Lydia Li · Ernest Wing Tak Chui

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Aging and Gerontology Research Retirement, Disability, and Employment Aging, Health, and Disability

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between two central concepts in aging research—self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived control of life (COL). Method: The data came from three measurement points over a 9-year period in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was estimated. Results: The covariations between SPA and COL across 9 years were evident at both the between-person level and the within-person within-time level. The results revealed a reciprocal relationship between SPA and COL: Higher than usual negative SPA predicted within-person decreases in COL 4 years later, and lower than usual COL predicted future within-person increases in negative SPA. Furthermore, SPA were found to have a somewhat larger effect on COL than the corresponding influence of COL on SPA. Discussion: This study enriches the stereotype embodiment theory and the practice by documenting a reciprocal interrelationship between SPA and COL.

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References

1999Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives 1978The Structure of Coping 1995A life-span theory of control.2009Stereotype Embodiment 1998The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being.2010A motivational theory of life-span development.2002Longitudinal Benefit of Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging on Functional Health 2014The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity: A meta-analysis of longitudinal data.

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