Executive Functions (EF) are the ability of individuals to initiate, adapt, organize, monitor, and control information and behaviour processes.EF consists of three basic components, namely inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.Those three components play a crucial role in children's cognitive, behavioural and social emotional development as the aspects of children's school readiness.Through experimental research methods, this study examines the effect of physical exercise to improve executive functions components among preschool children.The subjects of this study were 132 children aged 5-7 years from three preschools in Magelang City.They were divided into three groups, namely the experiment group 1 who were given complex physical training (with cognitive involvement), the experimental group 2 with simple physical training (without cognitive involvement), and the control groups without any treatment.The two experimental groups were given two sessions of training per week during four weeks.The results of the study showed that complex physical activity had an effect on EF, specifically the inhibition and WM component.Children who were given complex physical activity showed an increase in inhibition test scores and WM that were higher than children who were given simple physical activity and who were not given physical activity.While simple physical activity just effects on WM.Physical activity, both complex and simple, did not affect to CF.In addition, the findings of this study also indicate that mother's education plays a role in increasing children's inhibition.
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