Code Switching and Code Mixing: A Sociolinguistic Study of Senegalese International Students in Iraqi Colleges

Abstract

\nThe term 'code-switching' refers to the juxtaposition of elements from two (or more) languages or dialects. There is, however, little agreement among scholars on either the semantic scope of the term as they use it, or the nature of distinctions to be drawn between it and other, related terms such as code mixing. The term 'code-mixing' is a fluid one that overlaps with 'code-switching'. Switching and mixing may happen to a certain extent in speech of all two languages in a way that results in real confusion in relation to the two sociolinguistic terms. Thus, this work attempts to produce a rather comprehensive socio-linguistic approach to investigate these two distinct but interrelated sociolinguistic phenomena. This includes investigating the most observable operational definitions, distinguishing linguistic features and most influencing sociolinguistic factors on the use of the two terms. In light these aims the study hypothesizes that code- switching and code- mixing can be inspected from various viewpoints. Moreover, the processes of the code- switching and code- mixing and their linguistic aspects and performances are connected. To achieve the aims of this work and test its hypotheses, the most relevant definitions, distinctions and sociolinguistic issues are considered. Based on the findings of the analysis, the study concludes that: Both code switching and code mixing are used by Senegalese students who are studying Arabic in Iraq – Najaf due to the fact of multilingual students were exposed to four languages at a very early age in Senegal, particularly in school interactional settings. Employing certain language(s) in communicating with each other reflects several important vital factors that control their choice of language at any given situation. Switching to Wolof is always the case if one is talking to a fellow citizen. It is easier, clearer and reflects more seriousness too. Moreover, Wolof is used by them in order to show solidarity and intimacy as well as their group identity. In scientifically oriented discussions and exchanges French takes precedence. It’s the language at school, so it is the language of all scientific idioms and expressions.\n

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