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In 1955, James and Eleanor Gibson produced a remarkable paper that got lost through the ‘cognitive revolution’. James Gibson expanded and explored these ideas throughout his career, but unfortunately, he was either ignored or his ideas were interpreted wrongly in terms of cognitive models. Gibson argued against a basic assumption that had been unchallenged through all the history of psychology and even before—that “something is taken in by the sensory organs”. For Gibson, this assumption was incorrect despite its long history and the way it is also assumed in common-sense talk. Skinner’s early research was exemplary for this, and clearly demonstrated how changes in nuanced aspects of an organism’s environment could change their behaviour in straightforward and replicable ways. Like Gibson then, Skinner began the description of those worlds or environments that shape human seeing (Gibson) and other activities (Skinner).
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