Dress and fashion are rich and varied fields of study. Some scholars refer to\nthem as ‘hybrid subjects’ because they bring together different conceptual\nframeworks and disciplinary approaches, including those from anthropology,\nart history, cultural studies, design studies, economics, history, literature,\nsemiotics, sociology, visual culture and business studies. Invariably, such a\npervasive phenomenon as dress has always been the subject of much\ncommentary. Since the late 19th century, there has been no scarcity of research,\nbut studies have been somewhat sporadic and tended to stay within these\nbounds of their own disciplines. From the 1960s to the 1990s, the leading\neducational institutions with words like dress and fashion in their titles, were,\nfirstly, design schools and technical training institutions, servicing the industry,\nand secondly, institutes devoted to the study of dress history, directed as\nmuseums. It was only in the last decades of the 20th century that various\napproaches were integrated across disciplines and institutions so that it became\npossible to talk about something like ‘fashion studies’, reflected by the\nemergence of research centres, academic journals and graduate programmes\nwith such heading. However, both the term, and what it is perceived to\nrepresent, is contested; while some scholars and institutions endorse ‘fashion\nstudies’, others reject it or distance themselves from it.
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