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East Anglia has been labelled “‘the heartland of REL[ative] what” ’ ( Herrmann 2003 : 66). 1 In the traditional dialect literature from the region, what is reported as the dominant relative marker in both subject and object relative clauses as in (1) and (2): 1 Did you see the man what bought my car last year? 2 That’s just as far as them trees what I planted. Much rarer, but also evidenced in the traditional dialect especially from the west of the region is as , as in (3): 3 the same old man as hit the horse behind the ear once shod 200 donkeys in one day Common also in East Anglia (and widely beyond) are non-standard subject relatives with no marker, as in (4): 4 she’s got a daughter live down there Analyses of phonological (e.g., palatal glide deletion in words such as ‘music’) and other morphosyntactic variables in East Anglia (e.g., third-person singular present tense zero, as in ‘she smoke’) have shown that traditional dialect forms appear to be undergoing sometimes quite dramatic levelling. This chapter examines the extent to which the relative markers what and as have also undergone levelling by conducting a variationist analysis across a range of communities in East Anglia – rural and urban, nearer to and further from London. Relative clauses from informal recordings from samples of between 12 and 18 speakers (divided according to age and gender) in each of six localities were extracted and analysed. The data enable apparent-time comparisons within each locality, comparisons across the region to examine the effects of rural versus urban location, as well as comparisons with London itself to consider the extent to which East Anglia’s relatives are passing away.
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