Dysphemism Lexical Items of Hate Speeches: Towards Education of Students for Political Correctness

Abstract

This paper aimed at identifying and organizing any dysphemism lexical items used by people in disseminating hate speech expressions through Social Media posts and also teaching the political correctness to the students in order to avoid the use of hate speech items in their daily encounters especially in terms of using social media.This was qualitative study which described the use of nine dysphemism types of the hate speech on social media based on seven Indonesian Supreme Court's decisions.Observation, note-taking, and substitution techniques were used to collect the data from the Indonesian Supreme Court's decision by using purposive sampling technique.In order to analyze the data, the first step was organizing data, then followed by transcribing and converting the result of note-taking into text data and finally organizing them into the nine types of dysphemism.The result of the study showed that there are 32 words/phrases found in seven decisions of hate speech on Social Media contents concerning nine types of dysphemism.Most hate speeches on the Social Media contents are found in "-ist" dysphemism type within 15 words/phrases (46.875%), then followed by synecdoche -10 words/phrases (31.25%), dysphemistic epithets (4 words/phrases or 12.5%), and name dysphemism with 3 words/phrases (9.375%).Meanwhile, there are no words or phrases which related to the rest five types of dysphemism; euphemistic dysphemism, dysphemistic euphemism, homosexual dysphemism, non-verbal dysphemism, and cross-cultural dysphemism.

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