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This chapter contributes to our understanding of Human Resource Development (HRD) in CIVETS countries by exploring, from a comparative perspective, the HRD system of each country. It considers their political, historical, cultural, and economic characteristics, which will provide a rich contextual background to understanding the approach to HRD in each country within the grouping. We then consider the institutional arrangements that support HRD in each country followed by a discussion of organizational-level HRD practices. CIVETS refers to a group of emerging economies that are focused on internationalizing their economies and moving toward developed country status. They present an interesting context in which to study HRD. They reveal both convergence and divergence. Each country has unique cultural, economic, historical, and institutional characteristics that shape its approach to HRD. However, each country is to varying degrees subjected to the influences of internationalization and the Westernization of their approaches to HRD.
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