Does the level of transportation service affect the disparity of activity opportunities between localities?

Abstract

It is a question whether there exist disparities in opportunities for activities of daily living (ADL) between community-dwelling people in suburban areas with low transport service levels and those in urban areas with high levels. This study investigates whether any such disparities depend on the level of transport service. We choose food shopping as an example, and use “95th percentile frequency of shopping” as a proxy for shopping opportunities and a proposed “accessibility index” as a proxy for transport service level, using data from surveys regarding travel patterns and living conditions. The results show that (1) the mean value of the accessibility index is positively correlated with the 95th percentile frequency of shopping, indicating that reductions in activity opportunities are correlated to a decreased transport service level, and that (2) for those less capable of going outdoors (ADL score is lower than 11), a low accessibility level tends to reduce opportunities for shopping.

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