Cyber and Offline Dating Abuse in a Portuguese Sample: Prevalence and Context of Abuse

Sónia Caridade · Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa · Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment

Abstract

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal-emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal-emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal-emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal-emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.

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References

2004Prevalence of Violence Against Dating Partners by Male and Female University Students Worldwide 2013Longitudinal and Reciprocal Relations of Cyberbullying With Depression, Substance Use, and Problematic Internet Use Among Adolescents 2013The Rate of Cyber Dating Abuse Among Teens and How It Relates to Other Forms of Teen Dating Violence 2013Dating Violence Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth 2015The development and validation of the cyber dating abuse questionnaire among young couples 2007Aggression in Adolescent Dating Relationships: Prevalence, Justification, and Health Consequences 2011College Students’ Electronic Victimization in Friendships and Dating Relationships: Anticipated Distress and Associations With Risky Behaviors 2015Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in the Cyber and Real World: Examining the Extent of Cyber Aggression Experiences and Its Association With In-Person Dating Violence

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