Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis

Mazeda Hossain · Rachel Jane Pearson · Alys McAlpine · Loraine Bacchus · Jo Spangaro · Stella Kagwiria Muthuri +5 more

60 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Migration, Health and Trauma Intimate Partner and Family Violence Gender, Security, and Conflict

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In conflict-affected settings, women and girls are vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV). GBV is associated with poor long-term mental health such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding the interaction between current violence and past conflict-related violence with ongoing mental health is essential for improving mental health service provision in refugee camps. METHODS: Using data collected from 209 women attending GBV case management centres in the Dadaab refugee camps, Kenya, we grouped women by recent experience of GBV using latent class analysis and modelled the relationship between the groups and symptomatic scores for anxiety, depression and PTSD using linear regression. RESULTS: Women with past-year experience of intimate partner violence alone may have a higher risk of depression than women with past-year experience of non-partner violence alone (Coef. 1.68, 95% CI 0.25 to 3.11). Conflict-related violence was an important risk factor for poor mental health among women who accessed GBV services, despite time since occurrence (average time in camp was 11.5 years) and even for those with a past-year experience of GBV (Anxiety: 3.48, 1.85-5.10; Depression: 2.26, 0.51-4.02; PTSD: 6.83, 4.21-9.44). CONCLUSION: Refugee women who experienced past-year intimate partner violence or conflict-related violence may be at increased risk of depression, anxiety or PTSD. Service providers should be aware that compared to the general refugee population, women who have experienced violence may require additional psychological support and recognise the enduring impact of violence that occurred before, during and after periods of conflict and tailor outreach and treatment services accordingly.

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References

2001The PHQ-9 2006A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2009Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis: With Applications in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences 2009Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis 1992The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees.1992The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire 2011Lifetime Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence in Women and the Relationship With Mental Disorders and Psychosocial Function 2011A Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies of Gender-Based Violence in Complex Emergencies

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