Prevalence and Risk Factors for Women’s Reports of Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Analysis of Six East African National Surveys

Sylvia Kiwuwa-Muyingo · Damazo Twebaze Kadengye

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Abstract

Violence against women, in all its forms, has been acknowledged as a violation of basic human rights and research evidence shows that it could lead to adverse health consequences. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and coexistence of different forms of IPV as well as examine individual-level factors associated with ever experiencing any form of IPV in the 12 months preceding the survey using the most recent Demographic Health Survey data from six East African countries. Results show that the prevalence ranged between 16.5% (Burundi) and 29.3% (Uganda) for emotional, 16.8% (Ethiopia) and 26.6% (Tanzania) for physical, and 8.3% (Rwanda and Ethiopia) and 18.4% (Burundi) for sexual IPV. The prevalence of any IPV ranged from 26.7% to 39.3%. In terms of coexistence, 15.6% to 19.0% of women reported experiencing all the three forms of IPV, with higher proportions reporting experiencing two of the three forms of IPV. The prevalence of both physical and emotional IPV was highest in Tanzania (49.1%), both emotional and sexual IPV in Uganda (28.0%), and both physical and sexual IPV in Burundi (26.2%). A partner's use of alcohol and a woman's justification of wife beating were both statistically significant common risk factors for IPV across the six countries. Women whose partners got drunk often were found to be up to nine times more likely to experience IPV compared to those whose partners did not drink. Younger women and those with larger families were at an increased risk of experiencing IPV, while other significant factors were country specific. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need for integrated and context-specific approaches that deconstruct gendered norms related to power dynamics and patriarchal nuances at household and community level in order to holistically address different forms of IPV.

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References

2013Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.2006Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence 2003Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2013The Global Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women 2015Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis of data from population-based surveys 2011Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Health Consequences 2013Tip of the Iceberg: Reporting and Gender-Based Violence in Developing Countries 2011What Works to Prevent Partner Violence? An Evidence Overview.

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