Taking Embedded Liberalism Global: The Corporate Connection

John Gerard Ruggie

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Globalization and political ideologies Social Policy and Reform Studies World Systems and Global Transformations

Abstract

In the Victorian era, policy concern with the level of domestic employment and price stability was subordinated to maintaining the external value of currencies and, less consistently, to the strictures of free trade. The developing countries, of course, never enjoyed the privilege of cushioning the adverse domestic effects of market exposure in the first place. The majority lack the resources, institutional capacity, international support and, in some instances, the political interest on the part of their ruling elites. The 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of growing skepticism about the role of the state, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States. For a variety of reasons, some substantive, others political, prevailing economic theory and public attitudes began to shift in a neoliberal direction. In the United States, organized labor has been among the most ardent opponents of globalization, especially of further trade liberalization.

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References

2000INDUSTRY SELF-REGULATION WITHOUT SANCTIONS: THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY'S RESPONSIBLE CARE PROGRAM.2001Corporatism Goes Global: International Organizations, Nongovernmental Organization Networks, and Transnational Business 2001Socially Responsible Investing: Making a Difference and Making Money

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