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This chapter focuses on the collective social responsibilities of the engineering profession to the public from the perspective of both traditional professional engineering societies and quasi-professional engineering organizations. Traditional professional engineering societies usually have direct ties to a specific engineering discipline or the engineering profession as a whole, while quasi-professional engineering societies are organized outside of traditional professional institutions and focus on a specific issue or kind of activity. The views of traditional professional engineering societies on social responsibilities of engineers are often revealed in their formulation and consideration of public policy including issuance of formal position statements, as well as in the promulgation and enforcement of codes of ethics and in the creation of technical standards. Issues of concern to engineering societies that highlight social responsibility and public policy include such topics as privacy and security; social and environmental justice; and autonomous weapons systems. Humanitarian and social justice-oriented quasi-professional engineering societies often address such issues, but these groups lack the influence of the larger, more mainstream engineering societies. Emerging technologies raise social and ethical concerns, which highlight the need, and opportunities, for traditional professional societies to assume leadership roles in addressing such concerns.
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