TIPOLOGI DAN KONSEP TATA LETAK SANGGAH PADA KARANG UMAH DI DESA ADAT BAYUNG GEDE

Abstract

Abstract: Sanggah is a shrine to worship the source of life, namely God Almighty for Balinese Hindu. In general, sanggah is positioned at sacred zone namely:hulu and/or Utama Mandala/Kaja Kangin. Unique layout of sanggah can be found at the settlement of Desa Adat (customary village) of Bayung Gede, one of Bali Aga (Ancient Bali) villages at Bangli Regency. This unique phenomenon raises questions about tipology of sanggah layout at Desa Adat Bayung Gede and the background concept of this phenomenon. The research had been done by field observation and interview with the locals and the elders of the community. Literature had been done as well as reference. The data was analyzed with descriptive-qualitative method. The conclusions of this research are: sanggah position in a house is influenced by the position of rurung (lane) as teben (profan) indicator in each housing unit. There are 3 (three) type of sanggah: (a) sanggah which is at east side of housing unit with rurung at west side of the housing unit; (b) sanggah which is at west side of housing unit with rurung at east side of the housng unit; and (c) sanggah which is at north side of the housing unit with rurung at south side of the housing unit.Keywords: the layout of sanggah, tradisional settlement, Architecture of Bali Aga. Abstrak: Sanggah merupakan tempat pemujaan kepada sumber kehidupan yaitu Tuhan Yang Maha Esa bagi umat Hindu Bali. Secara umum sanggah terletak pada zona sakral, yaitu: zona hulu dan/atau zona Utama Mandala/Kaja Kangin. Keunikan tata letak sanggah dapat ditemui pada permukiman Desa Adat Bayung Gede, salah satu desa Bali Aga (Bali Kuno) di Kabupaten Bangli. Fenomena ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana tipologi tata letak sanggah Desa Adat Bayung Gede dan konsep apa yang melatarbelakangi hal itu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi ke lapangan dan interview dengan beberapa tokoh masyarakat serta penduduk setempat, serta review literatur sebagai referensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah letak sanggah dalam pekarangan rumah Desa Adat Bayung Gede dipengaruhi oleh letak rurung (jalan perumahan) sebagai indikator teben (profan) dalam setiap pekarangan rumah. Terdapat tiga tipe sanggah: (a) Sanggah berada di sebelah timur dengan rurung berada di sebelah barat pekarangan rumah; (b) Sanggah berada di sebelah barat dengan rurung berada di sebelah timur; (c) Sanggah berada di sebelah utara dengan rurung berada di sebelah selatanKata Kunci: tata letak sanggah, permukiman tradisional, Arsitektur Bali Aga.

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