Thinking density through selected international case cities

Abstract

This chapter is the first of two introductory chapters to a book exploring the complexities of densification policies and processes in Johannesburg, bringing it into conversation with the experiences of eight cities, largely in the global south. It focuses on key themes from international literature and case studies (São Paulo, Curitiba, Istanbul, Delhi, Beijing, Nairobi, Maputo and Sydney) arguing for the importance of a comparative approach. It traces debates over the desirability of densification, in particular the divisive argument of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ density, noting its salience during the COVID19 pandemic. The chapter considers how the meanings, definitions and understandings of density have changed over time and space; the relationships between policy, politics and history; and how density is shaped by a diversity of actors and processes. It explores the power of policy, the role of markets (including financialisation), and the influence of resident-led and informal processes. The chapter highlights the importance of a deep understanding of context in examining densification policy and processes - a factor that is often overlooked in a field dominated by global policy transfer.

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