PERLOKUSI HOAKS COVID-19: PERSPEKTIF CYBERPRAGMATICS

Abstract

Hoaks adalah berita palsu yang menggunakan bahasa sebagai medianya, tetapi bukan bahasa dalam fungsi sesungguhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perlokusi hoaks Covid-19 di media sosial. Perspektif yang digunakan adalah Cyberpragmatics. Pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Objek sasaran penelitian ini adalah manifestasi perlokusi hoaks Covid-19. Data penelitian berupa cuplikan-cuplikan tuturan yang di dalamnya terdapat manifestasi-manifestasi perlokusi hoaks Covid-19. Sumber data substantif penelitian ini teks-teks tertulis yang terdapat di media sosial. Adapun sumber data lokasionalnya adalah media-media sosial seperti Instagram, Facebook, Blog, Webs, yang hadir di sekitar waktu penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Sebelum dilakukan analisis data, validitas data dipastikan terlebih dahulu dengan triangulasi data. Metode analisis yang diterapkan adalah metode analisis ekstralingual. Adapun teknik yang diterapkan adalah teknik hubung banding khususnya teknik hubung banding menyamakan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan perlokusi hoaks Covid-19 berikut ini: (1) mengentalkan rasa sentimen; (2) menumbuhkan perspepsi keliru; (3) menyindir otoritas; (4) menumbuhkan kegaduhan; (5) menebar ketakutan; (7) menumbuhkan kekhawatiran; dan (8) menumbuhkan kasak-kusuk.Kata Kunci: Cyberpragmatics, konteks eksternal virtual, dampak perlokusiAbstract Hoax is fake news that uses language as the medium, but not language in its true function. The main objective of this study is to describe the perlocutionary impact of Covid-19 hoaxes. The research perspective used was cyberpragmatics. The approach applied was descriptive qualitative. The object of this research was the manifestation of Covid-19 perlocutionary hoaxes. The research data were snippets of speech in which there were manifestations of Covid-19 hoaxes. The substantive data source of this research was written texts contained in the social media. The locational data sources were social media such as Instagram, Facebook, Blogs, Webs, which were present around the time of research. Data were collected by applying the listening method. The technique used was the recording technique and note taking technique. Before data analysis was performed, the validity of the data was confirmed in advance by applying data triangulation. The data analysis method applied was the extra-lingual analysis method or the extra-lingual equivalent analysis method. The technique applied was the appeal link technique, especially the equalization link technique. This study produced the following findings of the impacts of Covid-19 perlocutionary hoaxes, namely (1) making thickened sentiment; (2) fostering wrong perceptions; (3) insinuating authority; (4) creating noise; (5) spreading fear; (6) fostering concern; (7) growing gossips.Keywords: Cyberpragmatics, virtual external context, perlocutionary impacts

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