Built Environment and Self-Rated Health: Comparing Young, Middle-Aged, and Older People in Chengdu, China

Yingying Lyu · Ann Forsyth · Steven Worthington

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Health disparities and outcomes Urban Green Space and Health

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This article explores how the building-scale built environment is associated with self-rated health, examining differences in this association among younger, middle-aged, and older age groups. Features examined included building type, building condition, and sidewalk presence in front of dwellings. BACKGROUND: Understanding how the relationships between built environments and health vary across age groups helps to build a healthy environment for all. However, most studies have concentrated on the neighborhood or indoor environment, rather than whole buildings, and few have compared age groups. METHODS: This study analyzed survey data from 1,019 adults living in 40 neighborhoods in Chengdu, China, recruited through a clustered random sampling approach. It used a Bayesian logistic mixed-effects model with interaction terms between age-group indicators and other variables. RESULTS: Significant differences exist in the relationships of self-rated health with some environmental and other indicators among age groups. For older people, living in multi-floor buildings, having a household smoker, and undertaking fewer hours of weekly exercise were associated with lower odds of reporting good, very good, or excellent health. These relationships were not identified among middle-aged and younger people. More education was associated with higher odds of reporting better health among older and middle-aged groups. CONCLUSIONS: Older people experience more health-related challenges compared to middle-aged and younger people. However, among the examined built environment factors, building type was the only significant factor related to self-rated health among older people. To promote health among older people, this study recommends adding elevators in the multi-floor buildings.

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1973Ecology and the aging process.1994The Origins and Social Consequences of China's Hukou System 2009The built environment and obesity: A systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence 2010A Systematic Review of Built Environment and Health 2018Electronic Code of Federal Regulations 2006Objective and perceived neighborhood environment, individual SES and psychosocial factors, and self-rated health: An analysis of older adults in Cook County, Illinois 2012The Role of the Built Environment in Healthy Aging 2013Housing improvements for health and associated socio-economic outcomes

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