A History of Schooling for Alaska Native People.

Abstract

This article documents significant historical events and trends that have helped to shape the policies and practices of education in Alaska, particularly those that have most directly impacted the schooling of Alaska Native people. The following information is provided: (1) an overview of the Alaska context; (2) a review of federal policies that have directly affected education in Alaska; and (3) an historical analysis of the evolution of schooling for Alaska Native people, including the development of a dual federal/territorial system of schools, and the initiation of a range of federal and state reform efforts. The current status of schooling in Alaska is briefly described. Alaska is the home of the highest percentage and the sixth largest overall population of indigenous people in the United States, according to the 1999 U.S. Census. Alaska Natives constitute 16.4 % of the state’s population, and 23 % of its school population (25 % when including American Indians). In 2001 nearly 60 % of Alaska Native students continue to attend school in rural and remote communities where K-12 school enrollments range from eight students with one teacher to 500 students with many teachers. The remaining 40 % of Alaska Native students are in

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