Start-Up Capital: Differences Between Male and Female Entrepreneurs 'Does Gender Matter?'

Roy Thurik · Ingrid Verheul · Robert Cressy · Stijn Goossens · P.A. Risseeuw · Heleen Stigter +2 more

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Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences Gender Diversity and Inequality Private Equity and Venture Capital

Abstract

Female and male entrepreneurs differ in the way they finance their businesses. This can be attributed to the type of business and the type of management and experience (indirect effect). Female start-ups may also experience other barriers based upon discriminatory effects (direct effect). Whether gender has an impact on size and composition of start-up capital, is the subject of the present paper. To test for these direct and indirect effects data of 2000 Dutch starting entrepreneurs, of whom approximately 500 are women, are used. 5001-6182 Business 5546-5548.6 Office Organization and Management Library of Congress Classification (LCC) 1-6182 Commerce M Business Administration and Business Economics L 20 Firm Objectives, Organization and Behavior: general Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) M 13 G32 J16 Entrepreneurship Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure Economics of Gender 85 A Business General 270 A 100 G Strategic Management Organizational Growth European Business Schools Library Group (EBSLG) 85 B Small Business Management, Entrepreneurship Gemeenschappelijke Onderwerpsontsluiting (GOO) 85.00 Bedrijfskunde, Organisatiekunde: algemeen 85.10 Strategisch beleid Classification GOO 85.00 Bedrijfskunde, organisatiekunde: Algemeen Bedrijfskunde / Bedrijfseconomie Strategisch management, organisatievernieuwing

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References

1998The economics of small business finance: The roles of private equity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle 1989An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints 1999Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth 1992Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions 1990Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity 1993A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship 1996Small firm growth, access to capital markets and financial structure: Review of issues and an empirical investigation 2000Capitalism and democracy in the 21st Century: from the managed to the entrepreneurial economy *

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