Article2003

Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: Facts and Policy Responses

237 citations0/0 files storedOECD labour market and social policy occasional papers

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Family Dynamics and Relationships Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Social Policies and Family

Abstract

Fertility rates have declined in most OECD countries to levels that are well below those needed to secure generation replacement. While attitudes towards this decline in fertility rates differ across countries, several OECD governments have introduced — or are considering — specific measures aimed at countering it. Such measures are often justified by government’s wish of either reducing some of the negative consequences of population ageing for society as a whole, or of removing obstacles that discourage those women wishing to have more children from doing so, because of the negative economic consequences of childbearing and of the length of the associated responsibilities. This paper provides a comparative overview of the evidence about the size, timing and nature of this decline in fertility rate across “mature” OECD countries, and about the effects of different measures introduced to deal with it. The first chapter of this paper reviews a range of indicators of the fertility ... La plupart des pays de l’OCDE affichent des taux de fecondite nettement inferieurs a ceux necessaires pour assurer le remplacement des generations. Si les reactions a l’egard de ce phenomene different selon les pays, un grand nombre de gouvernements ont adopte – ou envisagent – des mesures specifiques pour y faire face. Ces mesures visent bien souvent soit a reduire certaines consequences negatives du vieillissement de la population pour la societe dans son ensemble, soit a supprimer les obstacles qui dissuadent les femmes d’avoir plus d’enfants en raison des retombees economiques negatives liees a la maternite et a la duree des responsabilites a assumer. Ce document presente une analyse comparative de la dimension et de la nature du declin des taux de fecondite dans les pays de l’OCDE, et sur l’effet de differentes mesures pour le contrer. Le premier chapitre de ce document passe en revue une serie d’indicateurs des schemas de fecondite observes recemment dans les pays de ...

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2007Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life 2011Family policies in developed countries: a ‘fertility-booster’ with side-effects 2004Labour Force Participation of Women 2008Consequences of Family Policies on Childbearing Behavior: Effects or Artifacts?2007Human Capital 2006Low fertility in Europe: causes implications and policy options.2006Can Parents Afford to Work? Childcare Costs, Tax-Benefit Policies and Work Incentives 2005Policies Addressing the Tempo Effect in Low-Fertility Countries

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