Language planning: communication demands, public choice, utility

Florian Coulmas

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Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies Linguistics and Language Studies Multilingual Education and Policy

Abstract

. . . once His Majesty has subdued people from various nations and languages, and being in need of transmitting the law of the conquerors in this language, I hereby present this Grammar to facilitate its learning . . . Nebrija (1492) In order to carry out language planning, one needs a language to plan for. Peter Mühlhäusler (1994) The Carolingian scholars did not merely become conscious that Romance and Latin were different . . . they invented the difference. Roger Wright (1991) Outline of the chapter This chapter looks at politically motivated language choices, asking what language policy consists in and how it differs from other sociolinguistic choices. To illustrate the range of political language activities, examples of language policy at different levels of government are presented. A distinction is made between general language policy goals and specific language- planning activities designed to realize these goals within a set time frame; and the elements of a simple model of language planning are introduced. Language-planning activities are commonly divided into two categories, status planning and corpus planning. These notions are discussed on the basis of specific examples, and it is demonstrated how interventions concerning the status of a language interact with procedures designed to change its makeup. Much as careful preparation of corpus and status planning is necessary, the success of measures of both kinds is not decided at the drawing board. To be successful, a language policy has to be acceptable to the people concerned; for languages do not exist in the absence of a community of speakers. The problem of policies relating to languages whose community is dwindling is addressed, followed at the end of the chapter by a reminder of the conceptual and ideological differences between Western researchers and speakers of reticent languages.

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References

1994On The Language Instinct 1982Discourse Strategies 1982Judgment under uncertainty: Causality and attribution 1963The Social Motivation of a Sound Change 1990Language Planning and Social Change 1967Bilingualism With and Without Diglossia; Diglossia With and Without Bilingualism 1990The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change 1992The world's languages in crisis

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