Sleep Duration and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Objective Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings about the association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to clarify this association by method of metaanalysis. Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to May 2020. We collected data from 235,895 participants from 9 prospective cohort studies, and 340,492 participants from 26 cross-sectional studies. Risk ratios (RR) or odds ratios (OR) were calculated separately for cohort studies and cross-sectional studies, through meta-analysis of adjusted data from individual studies. Results For cohort studies, short sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25). Long sleep duration was not associated with new onset metabolic syndrome (RR, 1.02, 0.85-1.18). For cross-sectional studies, both short (OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.08-1.18) and long (OR, 1.06, 1.01-1.11) sleep duration was associated with high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Only short sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Future studies should address whether the association is casual and modifiable.

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