SO2- and NOx- initiated atmospheric degradation of polymeric films: Morphological and chemical changes, influence of relative humidity and inorganic pigments

Laura Pagnin · Rosalba Calvini · Rita Wiesinger · Manfred Schreiner

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Polymer Science and PVC Building materials and conservation

Abstract

The influence of polluting gases on the stability of polymeric films has not been studied extensively. In fact, the chemical interactions of such materials in contact with the ambient atmosphere depend on different factors such as the environmental conditions, the manufacturing process of the product, the presence of additives or various pigments. In this study, accelerated artificial gas ageing was carried out. The experiments were performed in a gas chamber exposing the samples to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) with a concentration of 15 ppm. The relative humidity (RH) content chosen was 50% and 80% for a total of 168 h of gas exposure. The paint samples under investigation were composed of three different binding media (acrylic, alkyd, and styrene-acrylic) with various inorganic pigments. The morphological changes on the sample surface due to the different impact of the pollutant gases were investigated using a 3D microscope. Moreover, qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses were performed by Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, focusing on the degradation reactions and surface mapping evaluation. In order to fully exploit the chemical information on these materials contained in the ATR-FTIR spectra, multivariate analysis was carried out. In particular, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled verifying the main spectral differences between the unaged and aged samples. Moreover, Analysis-of-Variance-Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) was carried out to understand the influence of gas type, relative humidity, and inorganic pigment type on the deterioration process of the binders.

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References

1995Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Volume 2 2004Analysis of modern paints 2002A GC-MS study on the deterioration of lipidic paint binders 2006Monitoring for Gaseous Pollutants in Museum Environments 2007Modern paints uncovered 2011Classification and identification of organic binding media in artworks by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis 2003Conservation concerns for acrylic emulsion paints 1998Chemometrics and cultural heritage

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