Article2021

Non‐destructive analysis in the study of historical photographs by pXRF and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopies

Cibele Bugno Zamboni · Marcelo Miyada Redígolo · Viviani M. Miura · Isolda Costa · Maria Luiza Emi Nagai · Pablo Vásquez +1 more

12 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Forensic Sciences

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques

Abstract

Abstract Material characterization is essential to the provenance of graphic arts. Non‐destructive analytical techniques are increasingly required in the authentication process of cultural heritage. This work presents a suite of portable, non‐destructive, and complementary analytical techniques, energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and brightfield microscopy, applied to the analysis of historical photographs depicting São Paulo city architecture, whose registration date and process of fabrication are unknown. The EDXRF analysis emphasizes the use of typical POP (printing‐out paper) photograph with baryta (BaSO4) coated paper substrate while the FTIR and microscopy analyses confirm the presence of collodion and a gelatin‐based baryta layer. This photographic process was widely employed by professional photographers from 1889 to 1930, when it was gradually abandoned in commercial use. This time interval (1889–1930) is consistent with the information surveyed on the photographic collection. In conclusion, employing complementary techniques (elemental and molecular spectroscopies and image magnification) is essential in identifying the manufacturing materials of cultural heritage material, which is the basis of contemporary authentication procedures. These data provide to curators and historians fundamental information for cataloging, adding subsidies for the correct storage and preservation (“heritage appreciation”). Still, for professional photographers, they present information on the manufacturing processes of historical photographs. The data from the present study also emphasize its perspective of use in graphic arts to aid connoisseurship in identifying forgeries during provenance and authentication studies.

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References

2000X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in art and archaeology 2003A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections 2015Identification of pigments in different layers of illuminated manuscripts by X-ray fluorescence mapping and Raman spectroscopy 2011X-ray fluorescence in investigations of cultural relics and archaeological finds 2005Nos caminhos da Luz, antigos palacetes da elite paulistana 2009Pre-Columbian alloys from the royal tombs of Sipán; energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with a portable equipment 2009EDXRF and multivariate statistical analysis of fragments from Marajoara ceramics 2008Physico-chemical characterization and conservation issues of photographs dated between 1890 and 1910

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