An Evaluation of Massive Land Interventions for the Relocation of Capital Cities

Tom X. Hackbarth · Walter Timo de Vries

36 citations0/0 files storedUrban Science

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Urban Planning and Governance Urban Planning and Valuation Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact

Abstract

Across the world, capital cities are being relocated. Such practices have existed almost as long as capitals themselves. Against the background of the relocation of Indonesia’s seat of government from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, it is clear that such processes will continue to take place in the future. Especially if one considers the reasons for the move: climate change is leading to an increasing inhabitability of the Indonesian capital. Therefore, it is important to understand the processes behind such megaprojects and their impacts on the surroundings in order to build new capitals sustainably. Hence, this paper deals with examples from the past seven decades and examines them from different perspectives, such as the underlying politics and economy, planning approaches, reasons for relocation, as well as cultural and ecological backgrounds. With an analytical methodology based on eight aspects of responsible land management interventions (the 8R-framework), it is possible to assess the degree to which these moves are responsible. Combined with a literature review of past documented evidence, we derived 8R-matrices, inferred recurring issues and constructed a database containing multiple aspects of capital relocations. This database allowed simple SQL-coding, which enabled describing commonalities among the different land interventions for the capital relocations. These results help to connect occurring sets of problems to particular political, economic and planning backgrounds and to identify different frameworks within which most new capitals are situated. These new insights make future capital relocations better manageable and can support the process of capital relocation in Indonesia.

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References

1998Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed 2003Megaprojects and Risk 2010The New World of the Anthropocene 2001The changing state of gentrification 2012Cities for People, Not for Profit 2014Africa’s Urban Revolution 2000The Responsible Administrator: An Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role 2007Responsive, responsible and respected government

Cited by

2022Bibliometric Analysis of Socio-Political Research on Capital Relocation: Examining Contributions to the Case of Indonesia 2024Is it possible for sustainability? The case from the new capital city of Indonesia 2025Relocating or retaining the capital city of Jakarta—Evaluation the feasibility, sustainability, and strategic planning of Indonesia in facing the challenges of relocating the national capital from a multidimensional perspective 2023Planning Comparison for the Capital City Relocation between Brazil and Indonesia

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